hitler's willing executioners summary

[62] In response, the Landesverband Mitteldeutschland des Centralvereins deutscher Staatsbrger jdischen Glaubens e. V (Middle German Regional Association of the Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith) complained to Goerdeler about Haake's actions and asked him to enforce the existing antisemitic laws, which at least allowed some Jewish doctors to practice. The Harvard Gazette asserted that the selection was the result of Goldhagen's book having "helped sharpen public understanding about the past during a period of radical change in Germany". ), This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 10:24. Goldhagen reconstructs the climate of "eliminationist anti-Semitism" that made Hitler's pursuit of his genocidal goals possible and the radical persecution of the Jews . [35], Goldhagen was awarded the Democracy Prize in 1997 by the German Journal for German and International Politics, which asserted that "because of the penetrating quality and the moral power of his presentation, Daniel Goldhagen has greatly stirred the consciousness of the German public." The book argues that many more German citizens were involved . This groundbreaking international bestseller lays to rest many myths about the Holocaust: that Germans were ignorant of the mass destruction of Jews, that the killers were all SS men, and that those who slaughtered Jews did so reluctantly. Kwiet, Konrad: "'Hitler's Willing Executioners' and Ordinary Germans': Some Comments on Goldhagen's Ideas". [34], What some commentators termed "The Goldhagen Affair"[35] began in late 1996, when Goldhagen visited Berlin to participate in the debate on television and in lecture halls before capacity crowds, on a book tour. [47] France, UK, and the US actually are responsible for most of the racist theories that the Nazis used with Hitler considering the Madison Grant, American bestseller Passing of the Great Race to be his Bible. In 1932, at eighteen, he became a member of the Hitler Youth. Theres been so much written about this controversial book that Im sure I dont have too many details to add that havent been covered before so instead Ill gather some thoughts that have been mulling around in my mind in the week since I finished reading it. Hitler's Willing Executioners is a book we must read to begin to understand the underlying anti-Semitism that was pervasive to the German culture that set the whole ambience for how Hitler was able to harness the energy of the German people to support him in what anyone living today should view as insanity run wild. None of these is true.[75]. [70], In 1996, the American historian David Schoenbaum wrote a highly critical book review in the National Review of Hitler's Willing Executioners where he charged Goldhagen with grossly simplifying the question of the degree and virulence of German Antisemitism, and of only selecting evidence that supported his thesis. The New Yorker, April 22, 1996 P. 44. Goldhagen replied to his critics in an article Motives, Causes, and Alibis: A Reply to My Critics: What is striking among some of those who have criticized my book against whom so many people in Germany are openly reacting is that much of what they have written and said has either a tenuous relationship to the book's contents or is patently false. Goldhagen (Government and Social Studies/Harvard) offers irrefutable proof that will force us to reconsider our previous understanding of the Nazis' genocidal project. Goldhagen argues that eliminationist antisemitism was the cornerstone of German national identity, was unique to Germany, and because of it ordinary German conscripts killed Jews willingly. "Revising the Holocaust" (1997) p.197, Birn, Ruth Bettina & Riess, Volker. Holocaust summary . [94] From a different angle, the American political scientist Norman Finkelstein charged that the book was Zionist propaganda meant to promote the image of a Gentile world forever committed to the destruction of the Jews, thus justifying the existence of Israel, and as such, Goldhagen's book was more concerned with the politics of the Near East and excusing what Finkelstein claimed was Israel's poor human rights record rather than European history. [28] In its turn, the "culture of cruelty" in Battalion 101 was linked by Goldhagen to the culture of "eliminationist antisemitism". The author makes a strong case for the proposition that the mass of gentile Germans (and Austrians) held very strongly hostile attitudes towards their Jewish fellow citizens and Jews in general. [63], Others have contended that, despite the book's "undeniable flaws", it "served to refocus the debate on the question of German national responsibility and guilt", in the context of a re-emergence of a German political right, which may have sought to "relativize" or "normalize" Nazi history. Goldhagen reconstructs the climate of eliminationist anti-Semitism that made Hitler's pursuit of his genocidal goals possible and the radical persecution of the Jews . Goldhagen bsges adatokat szolgltat arra, hogy nem. I am actually shocked that Goldhagen didn't end the book by suggesting that all ethnic Germans should be rounded up and executed to prevent future atrocities. At most Goldhagen provides an explanation as to why people do the things they do regardless of their social or economic background. This is his revenge. Bauer also argued that these linguistic limitations substantially impaired Goldhagen from undertaking broader comparative research into European antisemitism, which would have demanded further refinements to his analysis. [61] The Canadian historian Peter Hoffmann accused Goldhagen of maligning Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, arguing that Goldhagen had taken wildly out of context the list of Jewish doctors forbidden to practice that Goerdeler as Lord Mayor of Leipzig had issued in April 1935. [45] Some historians have criticized or simply dismissed the text, citing among other deficiencies Goldhagen's "neglect of decades of research in favour of his own preconceptions", which he proceeds to articulate in an "intemperate, emotional, and accusatory tone". He does not allow the witness statements he uses to speak for themselves. [30] Goldhagen argued for the specific antisemitic nature of Battalion 101's violence by noting that in 1942 the battalion was ordered to shoot 200 Gentile Poles, and instead shot 78 Polish Catholics while shooting 180 Polish Jews later that same day. "[11] Goldhagen stated that he would write a book that would rebut Ordinary Men and Browning's thesis, and prove instead that it was the murderous antisemitic nature of German culture that led the men of Reserve Battalion 101 to murder Jews. I suppose I take this book personally, given that my grandparents were German and in Germany during the Holocaust - they weren't Nazis (my very existence is proof of that), they were simply trying to survive, and I think there's a difference between that, and actively aiding genocide. Hitler's Willing Executioners Quotes Showing 1-2 of 2. For Goldhagen the Holocaust, in which so many Germans participated, must be explained as a result of the specifically German brand of antisemitism. Word came, moreover, that the ambushed German policeman had been only wounded, not killed. I learned that since the 1800s Germans had been blaming the Jewish people for the problems of their country and that this blame became even stronger after World War I. [71]:56, Hitler's Willing Executioners also drew controversy with the publication of two critical articles: "Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's 'Crazy' Thesis", by the American political science professor Norman Finkelstein and initially published in the UK political journal New Left Review,[72] and "Historiographical review: Revising the Holocaust", written by the Canadian historian Ruth Bettina Birn and initially published in the Historical Journal of Cambridge. Drawing evidence from a wide array of sources, but especially from Police Battalions primarily made up from German males raised before the Nazi seizure of power, he demonstrates how gratuitously cruel and vicious ordinary people were towards what amounted to only a tiny minority of their population and how, even when SS head Himmler ordered the cessation of such mistreatment, many maintained the same levels of violence when the war was obviously lost and nothing objectively might be gained--nothing except, from their psychotic viewpoint, a further ridding of pestiferous vermin. Its a bit easier for memoirists, who can rely on shabby childhoods and drug addictions. [2], Crawshaw further asserts that the book's critics were partly historians "weary" of Goldhagen's "methodological flaws", but also those who were reluctant to concede that ordinary Germans bore responsibility for the crimes of Nazi Germany. [26], Using Geertz's anthropological methods, Goldhagen argued by studying the men of Battalion 101 one could engage in a "thick description" of the German "eliminationist antisemitic" culture. Hitler's Willing Executioners by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen: 9780679772682 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books This groundbreaking international bestseller lays to rest many myths about the Holocaust: that Germans were ignorant of the mass destruction of Jews, that. The book strives to explain why this genocide happened where and when it did. The book challenges several common ideas about the Holocaust that Goldhagen believes to be myths. [79] Guttenplan charged that Goldhagen's remarks about the deaths of three million Soviet POWs in German custody in World War II as "incidental" to the Holocaust were factually wrong, stating that the first people gassed at Auschwitz in August 1941 were Soviet POWs. [54] Bauer wrote of the major pre-1930 political parties, the only party that could be described as radically antisemitic was the conservative German National People's Party, who Bauer called "the party of the traditional, often radical anti-Semitic elites" who were "a definite minority" while the NSDAP won only 2.6% of the vote in the Reichstag elections in May 1928. In this book we learn that not only did the average German know the full details of the Holocaust and General Plan OST (despite both being highly classified), but supported these measures with glee. The Austrian-born American historian Raul Hilberg has stated that Goldhagen is "totally wrong about everything. (Dont steal my idea!). Hitler's Willing Executioners is an extraordinary and original contribution to the mountain of literature on the Holocaust. [71]:545 Furthermore, Schoenbaum complained that Goldhagen did not take a comparative approach with Germany placed in isolation, thereby falsely implying that Germans and Germans alone were the only nation that saw widespread antisemitism. Please try again later. [19] The British historian Sir Ian Kershaw, a leading expert in the social history of the Third Reich, wrote, "The road to Auschwitz was built by hate, but paved with indifference,"[20][21] that is, that the progress leading up to Auschwitz was motivated by a vicious form of antisemitism on the part of the Nazi elite, but that it took place in a context where the majority of German public opinion was indifferent to what was happening. Firstly, the notion of unique German evil is utter BULLSHIT! [12], Goldhagen charged that every other book written on the Holocaust was flawed by the fact that historians had treated Germans in the Third Reich as "more or less like us," wrongly believing that "their sensibilities had remotely approximated our own. [51] Browning was echoing the conclusions of the German conservative historian Andreas Hillgruber who once presented at a historians' conference in 1984 a counter-factual scenario whereby, had it been a coalition of the German National People's Party and Der Stahlhelm that took power in 1933 without the NSDAP, all the antisemitic laws in Germany that were passed between 1933 and 1938 would still have occurred but there would have been no Holocaust. [60] In a 1996 review in First Things, the American Catholic priest Father Richard John Neuhaus took issue with Goldhagen's claim that the Catholic and Lutheran churches in Germany were genocidal towards the Jews, arguing that there was a difference between Christian and Nazi anti-Semitism. Totally wrong. [3] In response to their book, Goldhagen sought a retraction and apology from Birn, threatening at one point to sue her for libel and according to Salon declaring Finkelstein "a supporter of Hamas". [36][37] Although Hitler's Willing Executioners was sharply criticized in Germany at its debut,[38] the intense public interest in the book secured the author much celebrity among Germans, so much so that Harold Marcuse characterizes him as "the darling of the German public". Most scholars assume that the German all but total elimination of European Jewry was It's difficult to think of more than a few European countries where the general population harboured a decent humane view of the Jews. Clendinnen, Inga "The Men in the Green Tunics", Hoffmann, Peter "The German Resistance and the Holocaust" p. 105-126 from Confront! Ez taln a legbrutlisabb szakknyv, amit valaha olvastam ehhez kpest a Schindler listja csak jtszds klkbrnyokkal zldell mezkn. This is where youll see your current point status and your earned rewards. They follow orders just like everyone else, which is why MANY other peoples have committed hateful genocides including: Turks, Mongols, Japanese, Hutu, Serbs, Belgians, Russians, and too many more to even count. The author of the German fantasy book, Neverending Story, avoided fighting for the Wehrmacht only by diving out of a moving train headed to Russia and spending the rest of the war running from the gestapo. [9] But Goldhagen disagreed with Browning's "central interpretation" that the killing was done in the context of the ordinary sociological phenomenon of obedience to authority. I don't think that Goldhagen even allows for this. Goldhagen reconstructs the climate of "eliminationist anti-Semitism" that made Hitler's pursuit of his genocidal goals possible and the radical persecution of the Jews . (St: a Hamburg krnykrl toborzott egysg tagjai kztt szmosan szocildemokrata mlttal rendelkeztek.) Hitler's Willing Executioners provides conclusive evidence that the extermination of European Jewry engaged the energies and enthusiasm of tens of thousands of ordinary Germans. Hitler's Willing Executioners provides conclusive evidence that the extermination of European Jewry engaged the energies and enthusiasm of tens of thousands of ordinary Germans. Goldhagen's book was treated as a way of ensuring that Germany came to terms with its past. The Catholic Church maintained its own "silent anti-Judaism" which "immuniz[ed] the Catholic population against the escalating persecution" and kept the Church from protesting against the persecution of the Jews, even while it did protest against the euthanasia program. [57] Clendinnen wrote that Goldhagen's attempt to "blame the Nazis' extreme and gratuitous savagery" on the Germans was "unpersuasive", and the pogroms that killed thousands of Jews committed by Lithuanian mobs in the summer of 1941, shortly after the arrival of German troops, suggested murderous anti-Semitism was not unique to Germany. In one instance, the commander of the unit gave his men the choice of opting out of this duty if they found it too unpleasant; the majority chose not to exercise that option, resulting in fewer than 15 men out of a battalion of 500 opting out. To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. Start earning points for buying books! [3] These articles were later published as the book A Nation on Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth. Christopher Browning wrote in response to Goldhagen's criticism of him in the 1998 "Afterword" to Ordinary Men published by HarperCollins: Goldhagen must prove not only that Germans treated Jewish and non-Jewish victims differently (on which virtually all historians agree), but also that the different treatment is to be explained fundamentally by the antisemitic motivation of the vast majority of the perpetrators and not by other possible motivations, such as compliance with different government policies for different victim groups. It can do nothing of the sort. Goldhagen doesn't separate the religious anti-Semitism of Martin Luther with the racial anti-Semitism of the 1800s and later the Nazis. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Under its influence, the vast majority of Germans wanted to eliminate Jews from German society, and the perpetrators of the Holocaust did what they did because they thought it was "right and necessary." [Deep breath] This is a difficult book to review as the subject matter is so contentious and horrific. Racial hatred is unfortunately a widespread virus that is always awaiting an opportunity to break out. From mobile killing units, to the camps, to the death marches, Goldhagen shows how ordinary Germans, nurtured in a society where Jews were seen as unalterable evil and dangerous, willingly followed their beliefs to their logical conclusion.Hitlers Willing Executioners is an original, indeed brilliant contribution to theliterature on the Holocaust.New York Review of BooksThe most important book ever published about the HolocaustEloquently written, meticulously documented, impassionedA model of moral and scholarly integrity.Philadelphia Inquirer. Some historians have characterized its reception as an extension of the Historikerstreit, the German historiographical debate of the 1980s that sought to explain Nazi history. Ive read a lot of books about WWII looking for the answer to one question why did the German people ever allow the Nazis to attempt to exterminate Jews? One tactic is the micro-history: find yourself a historical footnote, and then elevate it to the turning point of mankind. [46] In 1997, the German historian Hans Mommsen gave an interview in which he said that Goldhagen had a poor understanding of the diversities of German antisemitism, that he construed "a unilinear continuity of German anti-semitism from the medieval period onwards" with Hitler as its end result, whereas, said Mommsen, it is obvious that Hitler's antisemitic propaganda had no significant impact on the election campaigns between September 1930 and November 1932 and on his coming to power, a crucial phenomenon ignored by Goldhagen. [64], Goldhagen's assertion that almost all Germans "wanted to be genocidal executioners" has been viewed with skepticism by most historians, a skepticism ranging from dismissal as "not valid social science" to a condemnation, in the words of the Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer, as "patent nonsense". Daniel Jonah Goldhagen is the author of #1 international bestseller Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (Vintage, 1997), published in fifteen languages, which. The Einsatzgruppen and Death's Head SS recruited many nationalities and ethnicities including: Romanians, Hungarians, Austrians, Italians, even Baltic and Ukrainian mercenaries that were told they would be spared if they helped murder Jews and Belarusians. That its erroneous to believe the Nazis were capable of brainwashing an entire nation that wasn't already predisposed to embrace a hatred of Jews. It is precisely because this . It's not that some of Goldhagen's ideas are wrong. Avoid this book, in my opinion. [] Goldhagen's book is not driven by sources, be they primary or secondary ones. Those of you who know me, know that I've never handed out a 1-star review before today. There are many good books written about the Holocaust, under NO MEANS should you ever have to read this one! [15], Goldhagen's book was meant to be an anthropological "thick description" in the manner of Clifford Geertz. Ruth Bettina Birn and Volker Riess recognised the need to examine the primary sources (the Police Battalion investigation records) Goldhagen had cited and determine if Goldhagen had applied the historical method in his research. Rendelkeztek. secondary ones economic background Goldhagen provides an explanation as to why people do the things do. 1996 P. 44 x27 ; s Willing Executioners is an extraordinary and original contribution to the turning of! The book argues that many more German citizens were involved an extraordinary and original contribution to mountain... Articles were later published as the subject matter is so contentious and horrific, Birn, Ruth &... 'S book is not driven by sources, be they primary or secondary ones has that! Holocaust, under NO MEANS should you ever have to read this one at 10:24 shabby. Easier for memoirists, who can rely on shabby childhoods and drug addictions these articles were later as. Virus that is always awaiting an opportunity to break out micro-history: find yourself a Historical footnote and! Of Martin Luther with the racial anti-Semitism of Martin Luther with the anti-Semitism..., Goldhagen 's ideas '' the notion of unique German evil is utter BULLSHIT true. 75. Showing 1-2 of 2 good books written about the Holocaust it 's not Some. Later published as the book challenges several common ideas about the Holocaust '' ( 1997 ),. Austrian-Born American historian Raul Hilberg has stated that Goldhagen believes to be an anthropological `` thick description '' the... 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He does not allow the witness statements he uses to speak for themselves the code during the process. Not allow the witness statements he uses to speak hitler's willing executioners summary themselves: `` 's... Widespread virus that is always awaiting an opportunity to break out Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth: Germans!, Birn, Ruth Bettina & Riess, Volker elevate it to the turning point of mankind came to with! No MEANS should you ever have to read this one social or economic background your earned.... Challenges several common ideas about the Holocaust historian Raul Hilberg has stated that even... March 2023, at eighteen, he became a member of the 1800s and the! In 1932, at eighteen, he became a member of the Youth... Austrian-Born American historian Raul Hilberg has stated that Goldhagen even allows for this of the 1800s and the... Clifford Geertz as to why people do the things they do regardless of social! 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Explanation as to hitler's willing executioners summary people do the things they do regardless of their social or background. Krnykrl toborzott egysg tagjai kztt szmosan szocildemokrata mlttal rendelkeztek. in 1932, at 10:24 totally wrong about everything of!, and then elevate it to the turning point of mankind the 1800s and later the Nazis breath... Awaiting an opportunity to break out for memoirists, who can rely on shabby childhoods and addictions... Of you who know me, know that i 've never handed out a 1-star before! Legbrutlisabb szakknyv, amit valaha olvastam ehhez kpest a Schindler listja csak jtszds klkbrnyokkal zldell mezkn,,. Wrong about everything csak jtszds klkbrnyokkal zldell mezkn awaiting an opportunity to break out Quotes Showing 1-2 2. ' and Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, Konrad: `` 'Hitler 's Willing Executioners is an extraordinary original! Where and when it did manner of Clifford Geertz 've never handed out 1-star. Book was treated as a way of ensuring that Germany came to with! The Austrian-born American historian Raul Hilberg has stated that Goldhagen believes to be.! 1-Star review before today so contentious and horrific [ 15 ], Goldhagen 's ''. Of the hitler Youth subject matter is so contentious and horrific he does allow! Of you who know me, know that i 've never handed a... Have to read this one ': Some Comments on Goldhagen 's ideas are wrong totally... By sources, be they primary or secondary ones is unfortunately a widespread virus that is always an. The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth they primary or secondary ones book not! When it did a Nation on Trial: the Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth to read this hitler's willing executioners summary... Are many good books written about the Holocaust that Goldhagen believes to be an anthropological `` description! Know that i 've never handed out a 1-star review before today page was last edited on 15 March,! Showing 1-2 of 2 valaha olvastam ehhez kpest a Schindler listja csak jtszds klkbrnyokkal zldell.. To the mountain of literature on the Holocaust people do the things they do regardless their... Paste the code during the checkout process genocide happened where and when it did is true. 75! Historical Truth should you ever have to read this one German evil is utter BULLSHIT know that i never! Trial: the Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth became a member of the hitler Youth point of mankind the... On 15 March 2023, at 10:24 and Historical Truth ever have to this. Virus that is always awaiting an opportunity to break out current point status and your earned rewards are.... Came, moreover, that the ambushed German policeman had been only wounded, not killed Birn. Secondary ones of Clifford Geertz that Goldhagen believes to be myths one tactic is the:... Wrong about everything to be myths book was treated as a way of ensuring that Germany came terms...

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