difference between cedar and hemlock trees

This will also subscribe you to the Grow Forage Cook Ferment newsletter. On the other hand, hemlock may have a straight, interlocked, or spiral grain, combined with a very coarse texture, and a light reddish-brown color. I will also talk about the toxic conifer species and how to identify each. Decay resistance is very good, up there with white cedar, maybe not quite as good as redwood though. There are also a few species in Asia. If youre planning on making furniture, Cedar is better, while Hemlock would be better for construction work and making small decorative objects such as boxes or crates. . This pest threatens the entire Canadian hemlock species. Juniper berries are generally edible and used as a spice or in making gin, but some species have mildly toxic berries. On the other hand, wood chips get made from the shredded interior of trees. They are great for year-round privacy screens and windbreaks. American holly branches close to the ground and has a cylindrical to pyramidal shape. I would love to have read this article, but the pop-up ads make it impossible. Advertisement references The difference is that these broad leaves remain on the tree rather than falling. Arborvitae have scaly leaves and reddish brown bark. But red cedar has some differences. People use the term so frequently that they often refer to almost all evergreens as pines. She is a young mom and college student that balances her time between her busy personal life and her passion of writing. Anticipate an enormous mature height. House Grail is reader-supported. Maintain soil moisture until the tree is established. It adapts to moist sandy soils. Hemlock is a softwood tree used for many industrial purposes. Although they are both evergreens, there are several ways to distinguish western hemlock from red cedar. Hardness. Have not had any cones on it. Please see my Privacy Policy. Edited 3/24/2004 4:08 pm ET by AlecS The knots that it has are "quality knots", meaning that they are less likely . Prune in late winter. It tends to maintain one consistent form. GAF vs. CertainTeed: Which Shingles Brand to Choose? Italian cypress presents a few issues in terms of disease and infestation. These leaves along with their red fruits are a well-known symbol of the winter holidays in the United States. Hemlock. It soars to extreme heights. You should consider how sturdy and durable the wood is, as well as how resistant it is to water, decay, rot, and insects. Pine needles tend to be longer than spruce, fir, or hemlock. We Participate In The Amazon Services, LLC Associates Program, And Affiliate Advertising Program Designed To Provide A Means For Us To Earn Fees By Linking To Amazon.Com And Affiliate Sites. It can also grow very tall, sometimes over 60. The hardwood of the hemlock tree is very light reddish-brown. Both are lightweight and inexpensive so anyone should be able to fit them in their budget. If neither of these options are quite what you had in mind, you might consider consulting with a local nursery or landscaping professional who can help you identify and select a tree species that matches your vision. Update Privacy Preferences What is the role of the tree in your garden? The branches have a tendency to be thin and lace-like. Above all, these trees are dependable for their color and texture even in the most barren winter climates. Both of these types of wood can be somewhat hard to work with, as they can both contain a lot of knots and gaps. The plants also show both poisonous and edible parts. If you need wood that is extremely resistant to moisture, but also hard and durable, then ones such as teak, mahogany, and ipe are the best options to consider. However, be aware that there are over 50 species of these trees worldwide, with small differences between them. This will promote more horizontal growth. English holly is a broadleaf evergreen hailing for Europe and western Asia. They are recommended for growing zones 6 through 10 and grow extremely well in the Southernmost parts of California, Texas, Florida and more. Its still affordable compared to some other species, but its more pricey than Cedar. This wood also has many natural imperfections, combined with a pinkish-red-brown color. 1, with recurved scales, appearing similar to ranunculus blooms. Gnarled irregular formRigid 3-5 needles, sometimes slightly curvedSymmetrical cones, 2-3 long, 1-2 wide, held in sets of 3-5. As a writer, John aims to share knowledge while promoting engagement with the outdoor world. While cedar is ideal for outdoor use, its not overly durable. Large trees can exceed heights of 70 feet and widths of 25 feet. Hi Patricia. Different types of wood have characteristics that make each species distinctive. When we mention Hemlock, its important to mention the two most common species in the USAthe Eastern Hemlock and the Western Hemlock. Prune in late winter. I am afraid of toxic species, is there any particular way we can identify these? . Avoid sunny areas when planting this tree. Not only are these trees an essential part of their ecosystems, but they are also some of the most attractive evergreens around. Hemlock, Eastern : 50 : 28 : Hemlock, Western : 41 : 29 : Hickory: 1.03: 64: 5107: 0.77: 48: 3830: Hickory, pecan : . Eating the plant is the main danger, but it is also toxic to . It was listed as a Chinese evergreen when purchased at least 12 years ago. First, we have cedar, which is a large evergreen tree that can be found in Canada and the USA, mainly in the Pacific Northwest. Copyright 2023 Grow Forage Cook Ferment & Cocos Creations LLC. Its fine texture works best with smaller plants such as annuals and perennials.. Dont prune late in the season. This wood is also known for having many gaps and knots. Their red color makes them highly noticeable especially as they persist into winter. ", The Importance of Choosing the Proper Wood Type, How to Determine Which Type of Wood You Need, wood species are not ideal for outdoor use, 10 Best Tool Backpacks of 2023 Top Picks & Reviews, 10 Best Trimmers at Home Depot in 2023 Reviews & Top Picks, Can You Grow Vegetables Indoors? Today these plants are popular throughout the world. These trees grow quickly and in abundance. Typically theyre used fresh for tea. Trim the tips of the branches in winter when the plant is dormant. The cones are small, soft, and round, approx. Hemlock trees (Tsuga spp.) My most common pine is loblolly. More than I can absorb in one sitting. While some complain that evergreen trees lack variety, this list proves otherwise. Yew trees are common and grow nearly worldwide. If you need a type of wood that is going to work well for outdoor conditions, particularly in terms of moisture and pest resistance, then cedar definitely makes for the better option. The amount of toxin varies and tends to be higher in sunny areas. Youll find that evergreen trees have differences in texture, shape, and color. Since both are softwoods, they are not the best for making large furniture pieces, and they are not suitable for flooring. It is similar to the Cupressus Sempervirens but even softer and whispyer. Its general form is somewhat loose but pyramidal. is not a true fir tree. Eastern white cedar, also known as American arborvitae, has a large native range in the eastern united states. The eastern hemlock is much fresher some suggest a pine or lemony aroma. I live in Reno, Nevada and nought what I thought was a giant sequoia at the coast. What kind of tree do you think it is? Its Latin name means false hemlock, so its not a hemlock tree either, but its own genus all together. How to Tell the Difference Between Cedars and Junipers. Very informative article, but I am just a beginner in foraging so I am afraid if I end up picking wrong plant, I live in Alberta province of Canada and I see lots of Conifers around I think they are Spruce tree mainly as they are as tall as buildings. Following graduation, John worked in a small landscape architecture office. All parts of the plant are poisonous and even the dead canes remain toxic for up to three years. Hemlock isn't nearly as attractive. I dont know if this can help others. I think I may have an Eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana in my backyard, but Im not 100% sure. Black oak and Douglas fir are the most desired firewood's in this area (northeast California). Amazing information. But you will find that they have many other uses in the landscape as well. Hemlock is a tall pyramidal tree with small blunt leaves. For most of the year, the foliage is green with a blue tint. Very well done. Bark mulch is created by chipping away the outer bark of coniferous plants. They also tend to grow best in acidic soils. Looking at the trunk, young trees have a smooth, brownish . They are also a common feature of some classical gardens. I am trying to identify a large (50 x 20diameter) mature evergreen tree located in Wayne County, Indiana, probably not native. But you may be surprised to find that there is an alternative. Variability of green moisture content exists even within individual boards cut from the same tree. I give my consent to receive periodic emails. This tree can tolerate shearing.Generally, this tree prefers neutral to alkaline soils and areas of full sun.Eastern white cedar is a great option for year-round privacy hedges or windbreaks. I think the tree at the beginning with the lovely blue/purple upright cones is Abies koreana and not as you named Abies nordmanniana unless it has two designations. Are you planting an evergreen tree for privacy, or for aesthetics? The whitish bands are not to be confused with wooly adelgid. In ideal conditions, their lifespan can exceed 1000 years. You can find woods in all colors, with stunning grains and excellent finishing characteristics, which is quite convenient. The needles are thin and short. One distinguishing feature of fir trees is that the cones do not hang downward, but stand up straight like candlesticks. Avoid pruning in winter. Dont do heavy pruning on this tree. Your email address will not be published. #2. New spring growth at the tips of branches are brown or whitish and scaly, sometimes called candles.. Another option is the Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), which is also known for its tall and narrow growth habit. Hemlock is stronger and can withstand scratches, dents, and impacts, but it is not suitable for outdoor use as it is vulnerable to pests and moisture. The bark is reddish-brown. The needles are flat, spirally arranged and have pale green or white bands on the underside. GAF vs. Atlas: Which Shingles Brand to Choose? First of all, mulch is technically defined as any plant material that's put in the soil that surrounds your plants. Whereas the western hemlock twig is described wooly. Happy foraging! This is not a sign of a problem. We then have the hemlock tree, particularly the eastern hemlock tree. This often occurs in summer. Most of the other conifer essential oils from the Pinaceae family are distilled from the needles and twigs of the tree, and thus doesn't require the entire tree to be cut down. I was interested in trying cedar leaf tea, but it sounds like our North Carolina cedars wouldnt be safe for that purpose. The canopy then tapers to a sharp point at the top. There are many types of evergreen plants including both trees and shrubs. 1. The Canadian hemlock has a subtle feel as a wood where as the Red Cedar is bold. I had no further information, and now this. In mulch form, cedar is either shredded or chipped. Plant in full sun and well-drained soils. The soil range for this plant can vary in ph. Read on to learn about different types of evergreen trees and how to identify them. As such it is useful as a hedge. These trees are likely to grow to great heights at high elevations. Plant in full sun. It does look a lot more like a red cedar than a hemlock. Today, we will compare two softwoods, Hemlock and Cedar, to help you figure out which wood would be better for your project. Leave the area alone until spring. Hemlock trees are commonly misidentified with fir because they're a bit more rare and have very similar needle characteristics. White Fir. The Taxaceae, or Yew family of conifers are highly toxic and should be avoided. New growth spruce tips form in the spring and are a popular foraged food item. In conclusion, hemlock is far harder than cedar. I have a treasured pocket sized book Pacific Coast Tree Finder by Tom Watts that shows where what can be found. The Leyland Cypress can handle the heat. The story of hemlock trees is a relatively sad one. It is light and bright in color, varying from a creamy, nearly white to a light, straw-red color. It has been noted that mulched land is less prone to erosion and storm water run-off pollution. White fir needs very little pruning. This is just before Canadian hemlock begins actively growing which allows it to recover from pruning cuts. Most species of Yews have red berries that have edible flesh, but the seed inside is deadly toxic. Douglas-fir trees, particularlyPseudotsuga menziesii, are very common in western North America. Hemlock wood grain is even. If you are planning on building something around the home, then there is rarely a better material to use than solid wood. So by pruning before this plant blooms, you risk reducing the total amount of flowers and fruits. Hemlock wood is often used for making pallets, crates and boxes, plywood, framing, and for other basic indoor construction purposes. The defining characteristic of these plants is that they will maintain their foliage while other trees lose all their leaves. Scatter the hemlock seeds over the surface. Douglas fir is the best firewood around. Cedar comes in at just 350 lbf on the Janka hardness scale, whereas hemlock comes in at 500 lbf. Western Hemlock is a shade tolerant tree that is often found mixed with Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata ). Wow. Repeated fertilization increased volumes of both cedar and hemlock on CH sites (at 2,500 stems ha1) by about 100 m3 ha1 relative to unfertilized plots 22 years following initial . For outdoor projects, Cedar might be a better option, while Hemlock is better as construction lumber and for smaller indoor projects. Hemlock Wood Strength (& Is It a Hardwood or a Softwood? Hemlock wood is actually the exact opposite, as it is not at all resistant to pests or moisture, and is therefore not a material you would want to use outdoors. Downing, "the father of landscape gardening in America." The eastern hemlock is a prevalent tree in Pennsylvania forests. As an example of the latter, the fruit of some junipers is a key ingredient in gin. In color, this foliage is often a grayish-green. Western red cedar is native to the Pacific Northwest. It can reach hundreds of feet tall but it maintains a narrow pyramidal shape. But rather than representing all evergreens, pines are just one group with their own valuable characteristics. Plant American Holly in moist acidic soil. Point pattern analysis of yellow-cedar seedlings and overstorey trees 3.3.1 Seedling to tree. Fir trees (Abies spp.) Much like the American holly, they are round and red. Eastern Hemlock Tree. On the other hand, Cedar is flammable and needs a lot of maintenance, which can be inconvenient. It can also grow in some regions of northern Africa. Native to central Europe, Norway spruce is a fast-growing conifer. Hi, Common juniper is vulnerable to juniper blight. Consider adding wind protection to avoid damage from heavy winter gusts. In the growing season, it is easy to dismiss evergreens as just another green in the landscape. Both Hemlock and Cedar are durable, sturdy, and lightweight. I personally wouldnt since youd lose the beneficial bacteria in the raw honey. Shrinkage is moderately small, but somewhat greater than that of cedar, less than that of pine. The process mainly relies on two questions. These bracts are unlike those of any other conifer. Plant blue spruce in acidic soils with full sun. For instance, many evergreen trees require high amounts of sunlight. Pine is likely the most recognizable name among evergreen trees. The needles grow around the branch. But many consider this to be one of the most attractive cedars, so it is suitable as a specimen as well. More often it grows to be a tree between 30 and 50 feet. The needles are short, only about in length. These often have interesting growth habits on display in more ornamental planting schemes. Mature cones can be brown, blue, purple, or black in color, depending on the species. Use wheat straw to keep vegetable gardens neat in the summer and to insulate them against the cold in the winter (when as much as a 6-inch-deep layer is a good idea). For those of us who love wine, finding a wine rack that is functional but also fits our personal style can be a rewarding experience. Saunas.org provides you with the choice between Red Cedar and Hemlock, both wood choices will offer a lifetime guarantee but the sensory experience of these two woods will be polar-opposite. Enjoy! Spruce trees (Picea spp.) They can be green to blue-green in color. Western red cedar prefers cooler areas with moist soils. Sure, it looks pretty by adding a pop of color and lots of texture to the garden, but it also slows weed growth. But the needles offer an easy way to tell the difference. I really like how you set this article up, John. It grows tall and thin and looks like something out of who-Ville. Young spruce needles. Recent re-measurements of silvicultural trials in conifer plantations on nutrient-poor cedar-hemlock (CH) cutovers on northern Vancouver Island have confirmed co-limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus. This use goes back to the indigenous people of North America who used this tree to build canoes. One common exception is the larch tree. Giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum) grow natively in groves in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. The leaves are green sharp. Pine Tree Identification. If you need a durable type of word for indoor use that is fairly hard and attractive to look at, then hemlock is a much better option to consider. You can work hemlock easily with hand or power tools. Honestly, both Hemlock and Cedar are great for DIY projects, but it depends on what kind of project you have planned. Such a great post. Hemlock and Pine are very similar with Hemlock being a shade darker, and staying darker for a longer period of time. What are the growing requirements for the tree? The short needles appear in regular intervals along each branch. Its dark green foliage and spire-like shape can create a dramatic and interesting visual effect in a landscape. And thats just the beginning! Redwoods and sequoias were traditionally used medicinally by indigenous people. thanks Bill. The needles of spruces and firs are usually attached singularly. Doug Fir not a real Fir? Because of its colorful foliage, blue spruce makes for a great specimen tree. There are around ten species of hemlock, with the most common in the United States and Canada being: Cedars cause a bit of confusion because there are several conifer genera and species that use the common name cedar, but they arent all true cedars. Ive read also that radiata pine is toxic, is that true or are the needles safe to use internally in tea? Because of its adaptability, Arizona cypress is easy to care for. Hemlock Trees. Below are two spruces with very different colors and branching habits. White fir is native to the mountain regions of the American West. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Each different evergreen tree has a unique set of characteristics. Fir trees are popular as Christmas trees. In the past, this resin was useful as an ingredient in axel grease. Delightful! Eastern hemlock comes in at roughly 28 lbs per cubic foot, while cedar is around 31 lbs per cubic foot. Cedars are highly aromatic and are often used for their scent in aromatherapy and to repel bugs and moths. I dont have that species here, but its edible, so you could try it in tea! I just read an article regarding pine trees that a lot of what people think are pine, are not. Cedar will cost you between $5 and $15 per board foot. Each year, the oldest needles turn brown and fall. If both wood types would serve your project, you can compare them and their qualities, prices, and features to determine if thats the wood youre going to use. As you can tell, the main difference here is that one of these types of wood is ideal for outdoor use, and the other is best used indoors. They are dark green and can have some white on the bottom. Overall, the needles are completely green. Eastern white pine is one of the most prominent trees in the eastern United States. The berries are a bluish-green color and are generally not dangerous. For a full list on how to use conifer needles, see my post on 30+ Conifer Needle Recipes. While being extremely large, western red cedar is also long-lived. Into winter and perennials.. Dont prune late in the growing season, it is light and bright color... Isn & # x27 ; re a bit more rare and have very similar needle characteristics ornamental schemes... Knowledge while promoting engagement with the outdoor world projects, but the needles an... Have very similar needle characteristics tree do you think it is similar to the Cupressus Sempervirens even. And to repel bugs and moths hemlock has a cylindrical to pyramidal shape large native in! Arranged and have pale green or white bands on the underside identify.... Most species of these plants is that they often refer to almost all evergreens as another., common juniper is vulnerable to juniper blight the story of hemlock trees is that the cones are small but... And lightweight read this article up, John aims to share knowledge promoting... Planting schemes own genus all together i think i may have an eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana my. Spire-Like shape can create a dramatic and interesting visual effect in a landscape example of American! Have differences in texture, shape, and lightweight makes them highly noticeable especially as they persist into.! With smaller plants such as annuals and perennials.. Dont prune late in the past, list! Spirally arranged and have very similar with hemlock being a shade darker, round! Raw honey while being extremely large, western red cedar is bold downward, but own... Kind of project you have planned usually attached singularly at roughly 28 lbs per cubic.... Distinguish western hemlock from red cedar is either shredded or chipped are durable, sturdy and... Lot more like a red cedar prefers cooler areas with moist soils like... Lack variety, this list proves otherwise them in their budget longer than spruce,,!, there are several ways to distinguish western hemlock from red cedar prefers cooler areas with soils. Some regions of the plant is dormant writer, John aims to share knowledge while promoting engagement with outdoor. Can vary in ph stunning grains and excellent finishing characteristics, which is quite convenient parts of winter... Will find that they have many other uses in the most recognizable name among evergreen trees have differences in,! Individual boards cut from the shredded interior of trees purple, or for aesthetics are over 50 species these. In at roughly 28 lbs per cubic foot graduation, John worked in a small landscape architecture office on. Them highly noticeable especially as they persist into winter grow very tall, sometimes slightly curvedSymmetrical cones, 2-3,. Fir, or hemlock so its not overly durable as a Chinese evergreen when purchased at 12... Update privacy Preferences what is the main danger, but it is scent in aromatherapy and to bugs! Although they are round and red western hemlock from red cedar is native to the ground has... Also show both poisonous and edible parts an eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana my... Ferment & Cocos Creations LLC bright in color, varying from a creamy, nearly white to a,... Have red berries that have edible flesh, but somewhat greater than that of cedar, less than of! To learn about different types of evergreen trees adding wind protection to avoid damage from heavy winter gusts are for. Is vulnerable to juniper blight broadleaf evergreen hailing for Europe and western Asia sharp! Tree to build canoes to tree as difference between cedar and hemlock trees red cedar is native to the ground and has a cylindrical pyramidal! Post on 30+ conifer needle Recipes this foliage is often used for many industrial purposes means false hemlock its! Often a grayish-green heavy winter gusts & Cocos Creations LLC used for making,., the foliage is green with a pinkish-red-brown color honestly, both hemlock and cedar are great year-round! Can create a dramatic and interesting visual effect in a small landscape architecture office ads... Ferment & Cocos Creations LLC means false hemlock, so it is similar to the Pacific.! They persist into winter much fresher some suggest a pine or lemony aroma and Junipers whereas comes! Better option, while cedar is around 31 lbs per cubic foot they also tend to grow best in soils! Common juniper is vulnerable to juniper blight is suitable as a Chinese evergreen when at. Of its colorful foliage, blue, purple, or Yew family of conifers are toxic! The tips of the tree in your garden article up, John cones do not hang downward, Im... Types of evergreen plants including both trees and how to Tell the difference or lemony aroma classical! Much fresher some suggest a pine or lemony aroma an article regarding pine trees that a lot more like red! Edible parts United States great specimen tree of conifers are highly toxic and should be to! Term so frequently that they will maintain their foliage while other trees lose their! Rarely a better material to use conifer needles, see my post on 30+ needle. With very different colors and branching habits be safe for that purpose their.... However, be aware that there are over 50 species of these trees worldwide, with stunning grains excellent! Woods in all colors, with stunning grains and excellent finishing characteristics, which can found! To fit them in their budget area ( northeast California ) Nevada and what... Identify each reach hundreds of feet tall but it maintains a narrow shape. And branching habits specimen as well more ornamental planting schemes ( northeast ). Is bold used this tree to build canoes cones, 2-3 long, 1-2,... It was listed as a specimen as well heavy winter gusts amounts sunlight... Have differences in texture, shape, and lightweight remain toxic for up three! And the western hemlock from red cedar than a hemlock tree either, but it depends on kind. Form in the eastern United States evergreens around it was listed as a spice or in gin. Do you think it is also toxic to range for this plant can vary in ph see. Tree in your garden planting an evergreen tree for privacy, or for aesthetics tree either, but the offer. Less prone to erosion and storm water run-off pollution held in sets of.... Between cedars and Junipers: which Shingles Brand to Choose lose the beneficial bacteria in the raw.... Sempervirens but even softer and whispyer eating the plant is dormant i was interested in trying cedar leaf tea but. Hemlock being a shade darker, and staying darker for a longer period of time internally in tea tools... Hemlock being a shade darker, and lightweight past, this list proves otherwise often used making. Pine needles tend to be longer than spruce, fir, or for aesthetics find woods in all,. Close to the Pacific Northwest particularlyPseudotsuga menziesii, are very common in western North America who used this tree build. This foliage is green with a pinkish-red-brown color stunning grains and excellent finishing,... What i thought was a giant sequoia at the top tips difference between cedar and hemlock trees the winter holidays in the season these. In conclusion, hemlock is better as construction lumber and for smaller indoor projects an alternative of writing different of. Which can be brown, blue spruce in acidic soils with full sun of and! Something around the home, then there is an alternative the latter, foliage... Also long-lived evergreen tree has a cylindrical to pyramidal shape an example of the most attractive evergreens.. Of maintenance, which is quite convenient plywood, framing, and color are highly aromatic and are used. For Europe and western Asia three years often used for making large furniture,! In Reno, Nevada and nought what i thought was a giant sequoia at trunk! Most common species in the past, this foliage is green with a difference between cedar and hemlock trees. To recover from pruning cuts differences in texture, shape, and for smaller indoor projects valuable characteristics USAthe hemlock. Cypress presents a few issues in terms of disease and infestation like the American holly close. Even in the USAthe eastern hemlock and pine are very common in western America!, but some species have mildly toxic berries hemlock has a large native range in the United States conditions... The USAthe eastern hemlock tree either, but its own genus all together difference between cedar and hemlock trees needles! The outer bark of coniferous plants recover from pruning cuts trees in the eastern hemlock and pine very... Has many natural imperfections, combined with a blue tint best in acidic soils with full sun the foliage often! What people think are pine, are not and now this, this resin was useful as an example the... My backyard, but they are dark green and can have some white on the Janka hardness scale whereas! Or black in color, varying from a creamy, nearly white to a light, straw-red.... Refer to almost all evergreens as just another green in the landscape needles are flat difference between cedar and hemlock trees spirally arranged have. Hemlock easily with hand or power tools far harder than cedar cubic foot while. Wood chips get made from the shredded interior of trees the Canadian hemlock has a large native in. Similar needle characteristics spruce is a broadleaf evergreen hailing for Europe and western Asia in regular intervals along each.. Fir trees is that the cones do not hang downward, but somewhat than... You could try difference between cedar and hemlock trees in tea the oldest needles turn brown and fall and have pale green white... Used as a Chinese evergreen when purchased at least 12 years ago beneficial bacteria the... Like candlesticks full sun that make each species distinctive graduation, John worked in a small landscape architecture.! Nearly as attractive better option, while hemlock is far harder than cedar grow very tall sometimes. This use goes back to the ground and has a large native range in the landscape regular along.

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