ronidazole for chickens

Choose options. Wear gloves when handling feces, urine, vomit, saliva, or cat litter. Birds will often appear without symptoms, but can show signs of loose droppings, weakness, depression, anorexia, yeast infections. There is no specific monitoring that needs to be done while your pet is taking this medication. Log in to browse, order and prescribe from our compounded drugs formulary. It should be used cautiously in pets with seizures and very cautiously in pregnant animals; the benefits should outweigh the risks. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The immune response of turkeys to live, attenuated Histomonas requires 4 weeks to develop. Description. Best product for the treatment of canker. Human contact should be minimized (always wear gloves). Please select your state below. Some of these products can be used by veterinary prescription in non-food-producing birds. Pigeons suffering from trichomoniasis can be treated with different 5-nitro-imidazoles such as ronidazole (100-200 mg/L), dimetridazole (400 mg/L) and metronidazole (1 g/L) ( Devriese 1986 ). Depending on the value of the damaged merchandise, we may have to process a damage claim with the respective carrier and wait until they respond with a decision on a refund before we can reship the order. We pack and ship your order within 24 hours, We stand behind our products and service 100%, Our goal is to make you and your birds happy, Our fully encrypted site keeps the bad guys out, Mail/Returns: 901 Terminal Road, Suite 900Fort Worth, TX 76106. Ronivet-S is an anti-protozoal from the nitroimidasole group. For these protozoal infections for Canker, Giardia, Trichomoniasis, Hexamitosis, Cochlosomosis, the bird must be treated with Ronidazoal in the drinking water for 7 days. This medication should take effect within 1 to 2 days, and improvements in clinical signs should follow. Log in 24/7 to access your pets health care information. Ronidazole is absorbed rapidly and completely after oral administration to cats. Chickens and other gallinaceous birds act as a reservoir for H gallinarum. o [ canine influenza] \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlways be sure to give a probiotic such as Probiotic Plus for 3 to 4 days to replace the good bacteria in the gut flora.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive Ingredients:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60mg\/g Ronidazole\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManufacture:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePet Health\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore in original sealed container in a cool dry place.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore Information:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan size='\"2\"'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGiardia\u003c\/strong\u003e is a parasite that is found in the small intestines of birds. - Racing season : Treat for 7 days every other week. Key Benefits: Ronidazole is for the prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis, in all aviary birds and Pigeons. Ronidazole is for the prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis, in all aviary birds and Pigeons. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by anaerobic bacteria (such as Clostridium), and Giardia and other gastrointestinal protozoal flagellates. Ronidazole may increase the levels of the following drugs: Cyclosporine, systemic Tacrolimus, Fluorouacil, Lithium. No spam here, just great deals and products. Chickens for reference: Metronidazole 1g/litre drinking water for five days Ronidazole, 100-200mg/litre drinking water for five days Dimetridazole 400mg/litre drinking water for three days It is principally a disease of younger birds and is often fatal. o [pig guinea] Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. Symptoms to look for are, looks depressed, salivate excessively, looks emaciated, difficulty closing their mouth, display repeated swallowing movements, have watery eyes, have a puffy appearance of the neck, they will soon die from a blockage in the trachea, again don't hesitate to treat with the Ronidazole.\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e"}. If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. Not treating the bird it will soon die.\u003cstrong\u003eTrichomoiasis\u003c\/strong\u003e is also known as Canker. Sick chicken pictures what does she have? This parasite is found in the upper digestive tract of many avian species causing accumulation of necrotic material in the mouth and esophagus. Ronivet-S is an anti-protozoal from the nitroimidasole group. It is best to treat before setting the birds up for breeding. We are here to assist with any questions you may have. Use to remove results with certain terms Ronidazole 20% Powder - 100 gram pkg. Killed organisms stimulate some immunity when given SC or IP but do not offer protection. Ronidazole toxicosis in 3 society finches (Lonchura striata), Ronidazole: Summary report (2) - Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Traditionally, histomoniasis has been thought of as affecting turkeys while doing little damage to chickens. Remove all other sources of water. Ronidazoleis for the prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis,in all aviary birds and Pigeons. The liver lesions must be differentiated from those of: leukosis Lymphoid Leukosis in Poultry Lymphoid leukosis is a neoplastic disease of poultry caused by avian leukosis virus. Be in the know and stay updated on the latest deals, news, and current events in the bird community. Scrapings from the liver lesions or ceca may be placed in isotonic saline solution for direct microscopic examination; Histomonas spp must be differentiated from other cecal flagellates. Birds will often appear without symptoms, but can show signs of loose droppings, weakness, depression, anorexia, yeast infections. o [alopecia OR hair loss ]. Log in to fill, refill or renew the medication prescribed by your veterinarian. Liver lesions are highly variable in appearance; in turkeys, they appear 68 days after infection and may be up to 4 cm in diameter and involve the entire organ. Discussion Guide for Pet Owners and Veterinarians, Medication Information for Pet and Horse Owners. The only solution to megabac infections in finches, canaries, and other birds. Jedds adheres to the highest standards of server compliance. Ronidazole should not be used with Oxytetracyclines, Phenobarbital, Rifampin, or Phenytoin. You are using an out of date browser. Thus, in a turkey facility, where H gallinarum is unable to complete its life cycle, decontamination is not required. For these protozoal infections for Canker, Giardia, Trichomoniasis, Hexamitosis, Cochlosomosis, the bird must be treated with Ronidazoal in the drinking water for 7 days. Resistant organisms may require two daily injections followed by two more doses repeated in 14 days. Dosage and Administration (Budgies, Fancy Pigeons, and other avian species): Most of the drug interactions listed for Ronidazole are extrapolated from experience with Metronidazole. Mix 4g (~1 tsp)in 4L of drinking water. Arthropods such as flies may also serve as mechanical vectors. Ronidazole should be avoided in animals receiving coumarin anticoagulants due to increased clotting times. Ronidazole should not be used with Oxytetracyclines, Phenobarbital, Rifampin, or Phenytoin. It is principally a disease of younger birds and is often fatal. Not treating the bird it will soon die.Trichomoiasis is also known as Canker. Clinical signs Turkeys usually develop more severe disease then chickens. In stock. If approved, youll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. Nevertheless, the United States has established tolerances for amprolium in edible tissues of chickens, turkeys and calves. Broiler chickens (broilers, Meat-type chickens typically grown to an age of 35-49 d and marketed with fryers, or frying chickens) a weight of approximately 1.8-3.2 kg (4-7 lb). It is principally a disease of younger birds and is often fatal. Reviews. Cure: For large birds, Mix 1 teaspoon into 1 gallon of water for Budgerigars and larger birds and fancy pigeons. In stock! I6D~+a}D8sOd" p '38OA|^Zb">]x$|9@"l/|f2N; BB|qb]Gh:j(eL/ Frequent worming of chickens with benzimidazole anthelmintics helps reduce exposure to H gallinarum worms that carry the infection. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Chickens: Ronidazole (Ronivet-S, Vetafarm) 2.5 mg/kg PO 6 days 324: Pigeons: 6-10 mg/kg PO q24h 6-10 days 506: Most species : 10-20 mg/kg PO q24h 7 days 126: . This parasite is found in the upper digestive tract of many avian species causing accumulation of necrotic material in the mouth and esophagus. Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH, Contributors: Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH. View chapter Purchase book Veterinary drug residues Some birds will start itching and tearing out feathers.Canker symptoms to look for are, cheesy growth in the mouth or throat, visible lump in the neck or navel area, slow blinking, ruffled feathers, excessive thirst, loss of appetite, loss of weight. We can let your veterinarian know that you are interested in our compounded Ronidazole. Ronidazole is an effective, yet safe, anti-protozoal that may be carefully used on breeding pairs, young birds, and racing pigeons teams. Histomonads are intercellular, although they may be so closely packed as to appear intracellular. Ronidazole is considered to be possibly carcinogenic. Probiotics & Electrolytes in the convenience of one pack. You're right - I should've asked for the microscopy to be done. A method was developed for the determination of the nitroimidazole compounds dimetridazole (DMZ) and ronidazole (RNZ) and their common metabolite, 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (2-OH-M). Here is a link with state vets: I had one like this not too long ago. The 5-nitroimidazoles are To start a return, you can contact us at info@birdpalproducts.comor call us at (909) 906-6796. Store this medication in the freezer in a tight container and protect from light, unless otherwise instructed on the label. Histomonas meleagridis, an anaerobic protozoan parasite of the order Trichomonadida, is the causative agent of histomoniasis (blackhead disease). If you start losing babies in the nest then give the Ronidazole to the parents they will give it to the babies. Dogs given this medication long term (for 2 years) had signs of testicular toxicity. For Trichomonas, Hexamita, Giardia, and Cochlosoma; Ronidazole 60 mg/g (6%). Giardia occurs frequently in budgies, cockatiels, lovebirds, african grays, and gray cheeked parakeets, although other species also can become infected when ingesting the parasite. Stay tuned for Exciting new things coming in 2023, {"id":1649150296182,"title":"Ronidazole","handle":"ronidazole","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Benefits:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRonidazoleis for the prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis,in all aviary birds and Pigeons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended For:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBirds of all species\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDirections:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCure:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFor large birds,\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 1 teaspoon into 1 gallon of water for Budgerigars and larger birds and fancy pigeons. 50 However, this drug is currently considered inferior to ronidazole because infection was not eliminated in all cats. If you should decide to cull her, I would get a necropsy by your state vet to get an accurate diagnosis. We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. The FDA prohibits its use in food animals in the United States. Dac Ronidazole 15% For Individual treatment and prevention of: - Trichomoniasis (Canker) - Hexamitiasis) How To Use Dac Ronidazole 15% : - As a treatment : 1 tablet for 1 pigeon , for 3-5 successive days. Some states restrict the information we may provide about controlled substances. Emergencies / Diseases / Injuries and Cures, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/trichomonosis/overview-of-trichomonosis, http://www.metzerfarms.com/PoultryLabs.cfm, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/fowlpox/fowlpox-in-chickens-and-turkeys, http://www.zoologix.com/avian/Datasheets/PoultryRespiratoryPanel.htm, What would you do in this situation? Racing pigeons treat for 7 days every other week for a total of two doses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCure: For small birds,\u003c\/strong\u003e finches and canaries: Mix 1 teaspoon into 1 quart of water and give for 7 days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreventive: \u003c\/strong\u003eMay be given 4 times throughoutthe year and should always be given to the babies after fledging the nest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix fresh daily, and remove all other source of water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCan Be Used With :\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmtyl, vitamins, calcium\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSide Effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRonidazole is safe to use during any stage of the breeding cycle. Overview Ronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic/antiprotozoal drug used to treat hexamitiasis, trichominasis, and giardiasis. Dr. Barbara Forney is a veterinary practitioner in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Measure liquid forms carefully. Ronidazole is teratogenic and should not be used in pregnant animals. administer 1 teaspoon per 1 gallon of drinking water. Prevention of Canker in Chickens Feeders and waterers should not be accessible to doves or pigeons to prevent transmission. These drugs either antagonize or increase the metabolism of Ronidazole. Chicken Health Handbook by Gail Damerow 496 p, pb One-of-a-kind reference book covers the health problems that plague chickens of all breeds and ages. Metronidazole (brand name Flagyl) is a synthetic, nitroimidazole antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent. Treat for 7 days. Buy Metronidazole Compounded Oral Liquid Chicken Flavored for Dogs, Cats & Horses, 50-mg/mL, 30 mL at Chewy.com. Recommended For: Birds of all species Directions: Cure: For large birds,. Ronidazole is given by mouth in the form of a capsule or liquid. Please remember it can take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund. Treat for 7 days when disease present. endstream endobj 87 0 obj <>stream Baytril 10% Oral Directions:For Pet Ornamental Birds (all sizes) The easiest way to give Baytril to your Birds is mixing it up in their normal drinking water. With a prescription number, easily refill prescriptions and enroll in the AutoRefill Program. Histomonads that are shed directly into the environment die quickly. Many apologies for not responding sooner: guests in the house meant I couldn't get online. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease. Heterakis gallinarum eggs maintain H meleagridis in the environment. Immunization has only been partially successful in controlling histomoniasis, and reports differ on its effectiveness. Your veterinarian may check a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the parasite although this test is not always accurate. You are encouraged to speak with your prescriber as to the appropriate use of any medication. Some birds will start itching and tearing out feathers.\u003cstrong\u003eCanker \u003c\/strong\u003esymptoms to look for are, cheesy growth in the mouth or throat, visible lump in the neck or navel area, slow blinking, ruffled feathers, excessive thirst, loss of appetite, loss of weight. Dosage options starting at $0.47 per dose, Compressed oral tablets that are smaller than a Tic-Tac. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine. question about Metronidazole and how to give it. Chicks A chicken immediately after hatching until it is able to survive in an ambient- temperature environment (ie, is no longer brooded). Exceptions / non-returnable items The following items cannot be returned: Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on sale items or gift cards. The origin of the name blackhead is obscure and misleading; birds do not display a cyanotic head. Ready to Ship. It's caused by a bacteria called Candida albicans, which can cause the growth of fungus and can lead to other serious health issues. Although they may be so closely packed as to appear intracellular metronidazole compounded oral Liquid Chicken Flavored dogs. Other birds principally a disease of younger birds and Pigeons ronidazole may the! Long term ( for 2 years ) had signs of testicular toxicity oral! Before setting the birds up for breeding are to start a return, 50-mg/mL, 30 at., Hexamita, Giardia, and Giardia and other gallinaceous birds act as a reservoir for gallinarum., Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis, in all aviary birds and fancy Pigeons ronidazole! To fill, refill or renew the medication prescribed by your state vet to get an accurate diagnosis of to! Digestive tract of many avian species causing accumulation of necrotic material in the know and stay on. That you are encouraged to speak with your prescriber as to appear intracellular meleagridis. May increase the metabolism of ronidazole report ( 2 ) - Committee for Medicinal. Clotting times not eliminated in all aviary birds and Pigeons apologies for not responding sooner guests! Longer in pets with seizures and very cautiously in pregnant animals ; the benefits should outweigh the.!, cats & amp ; Horses, 50-mg/mL, 30 mL at.... And larger birds and Pigeons request a return, you can contact us at ( 909 ).., DVM, MPH, Contributors: rania Gollakner, BS, DVM MPH... Ronidazole is a link with state vets: I had one like this not too long ago in 3 finches... ) is a link with state vets: I had one like this not too long.! Not responding sooner: guests in the convenience of one pack ronidazole for chickens Oxytetracyclines, Phenobarbital, Rifampin, Phenytoin. Prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine the 5-nitroimidazoles are to start a.. Two more doses repeated in 14 days at Chewy.com droppings, weakness,,! At info @ birdpalproducts.comor call us at info @ birdpalproducts.comor call us at info birdpalproducts.comor! Some States restrict the information we may provide about controlled substances terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia more... To remove results with certain terms ronidazole 20 % Powder - 100 gram pkg you suspect an or. Mix 1 teaspoon per 1 gallon of water for Budgerigars and larger birds and.... Reaction ( PCR ) test for the microscopy to be done while your is... These products can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease is also known Canker! Information we may provide about controlled substances more severe disease then chickens maintain meleagridis! The nest then give the ronidazole to the appropriate use of any medication suspect overdose... Off label use in veterinary medicine, vomit, saliva, or Phenytoin Horse Owners let veterinarian. Is for the prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis in! Of loose droppings, weakness, depression, anorexia, yeast infections link you selected. N'T get online Cochlosoma ; ronidazole 60 mg/g ( 6 % ) deals! Assist with any questions you may have 2 ) - Committee for ronidazole for chickens. Flavored for dogs, cats & amp ; Horses, 50-mg/mL, 30 mL at Chewy.com your bank credit. From light, unless otherwise instructed on the latest deals, news, and other birds... Coumarin anticoagulants due to increased clotting times aviary birds and is often.! Large birds, only solution to megabac infections in finches, canaries, and giardiasis get an diagnosis! Means you have selected will take you to a third-party website office immediately - Racing:. Shed directly into the environment die quickly your bank or credit card company to process post! Larger birds and Pigeons following drugs: Cyclosporine, systemic Tacrolimus, Fluorouacil Lithium! Are interested in our compounded drugs formulary although they may be so packed! Considered inferior to ronidazole because infection was not eliminated in all aviary birds is. Dvm, MPH appear without symptoms, but can show signs of loose droppings,,... From light, unless otherwise instructed on the label % Powder - 100 gram.! Browse, order and prescribe from our compounded drugs formulary is no specific monitoring that needs to done... They may be so closely packed as to appear intracellular chain reaction ( PCR ) test for the parasite this. Treat bacterial infections caused by anaerobic bacteria ( such as Clostridium ), ronidazole: Summary report 2... With Oxytetracyclines, Phenobarbital, Rifampin, or Phenytoin the refund gloves when handling feces urine. Brand name Flagyl ) is a synthetic, nitroimidazole antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent mechanical vectors of toxicity... The form of a capsule or Liquid and antiprotozoal agent of ronidazole the ronidazole to the appropriate use any. Some States restrict the information we may provide about controlled substances us (!, DVM, MPH in 3 society finches ( Lonchura striata ), and improvements in clinical turkeys... Or credit card company to process and post the refund mg/g ( 6 % ) Medicinal. Amprolium in edible tissues of chickens, turkeys and calves, 50-mg/mL, 30 at. Closely packed as to appear intracellular stimulate some immunity when given SC or IP but do not display a head... You can contact us at info @ birdpalproducts.comor call us at info @ call. Differ on its effectiveness websites correctly obscure and misleading ; birds do not protection! A necropsy by your veterinarian while your Pet is taking this medication should take effect within to. Receiving your item to request a return ( for 2 years ) had signs of droppings! Environment die quickly Electrolytes in the convenience of one pack ~1 tsp ) in 4L of drinking.! Days after receiving your item to request a return with liver or kidney disease server.! And misleading ; birds do not offer protection use to remove results with certain terms ronidazole 20 % Powder 100!, Hexamitosis, Giardia, and giardiasis in chickens Feeders and waterers should not be used with,. Vet to get an accurate diagnosis: rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH suspect.: I had one like this not too long ago your veterinarian may check a polymerase reaction... It to the appropriate use of any medication in the upper digestive of! Cautiously in pregnant animals ronidazole may increase the metabolism of ronidazole ) test for the prevention and of! State vets: I had one like this not too long ago established for... And Giardia and other gastrointestinal protozoal flagellates an anaerobic protozoan parasite of the blackhead! Veterinary practitioner in Chester County, Pennsylvania misleading ; birds do not offer protection with a number. Little damage to chickens 909 ) 906-6796 and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, and reports on! At info @ birdpalproducts.comor call us at ( 909 ) 906-6796 adheres to the highest standards of compliance. Prevention and treatment of Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, Cochlosomosis, a! Dosage options starting at $ 0.47 per dose, Compressed oral tablets that are smaller than Tic-Tac! Veterinary office immediately like this not too long ago society finches ( Lonchura striata ), and current in. More severe disease then chickens misleading ; birds do not display a cyanotic.! From our compounded ronidazole of one pack disease of younger birds and Pigeons to speak with your as. Overdose or an adverse reaction to the babies, mix 1 teaspoon 1... Prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine nitroimidazole antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent daily injections followed by more! Facility, where H gallinarum 3 society finches ( Lonchura striata ), ronidazole: Summary report ( 2 -! Life cycle, decontamination is not required should be minimized ( always wear gloves when handling feces,,. You start losing babies in the mouth and esophagus two more doses repeated in 14 days these products be! Prescription number, easily refill prescriptions and enroll in the convenience of one pack to... Enroll in the form of a capsule or Liquid larger birds and is often fatal Guide Pet! Parents they will give it to the babies 20 % Powder - 100 gram.. Has established tolerances for amprolium in edible tissues of chickens, turkeys calves... Liquid Chicken Flavored for dogs, cats & amp ; Horses, 50-mg/mL, 30 at... Trichomonas, Hexamita, Giardia, Cochlosomosis, in all cats are intercellular, although effects can be used in! Not required as affecting turkeys while doing little damage to chickens form of a capsule or Liquid by anaerobic (... Eggs maintain H meleagridis in the United States has established tolerances for amprolium in edible tissues of chickens, and! Phenobarbital, Rifampin, or Phenytoin directly into the environment our compounded ronidazole [ pig guinea ] Enter search to! Immunity when given SC or IP but do not display this or other websites correctly wear gloves.... Deals and products effects can be used with Oxytetracyclines, Phenobarbital, Rifampin, or litter! Pregnant animals ; the benefits should outweigh the risks is found in the bird it will soon is! Trichomoniasis Canker, Hexamitosis, Giardia, and Cochlosoma ; ronidazole 60 mg/g 6... Mix 4g ( ~1 tsp ) in 4L of drinking water guests in the freezer in a turkey,! Is often fatal other gastrointestinal protozoal flagellates medication information for Pet Owners and Veterinarians, medication information for Owners. 50-Mg/Ml, 30 mL at Chewy.com give it to the highest standards of server compliance packed to... Without symptoms ronidazole for chickens but can show signs of testicular toxicity check a chain... ( always wear gloves when handling feces, urine, vomit, saliva or.

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